The Malayan Emergency was a period of conflict in Malaya (now part of Malaysia) between 1948 and 1960, primarily between the British colonial government and the Malayan Communist Party (MCP), which was seeking to establish a communist state in the region. The conflict is referred to as an “emergency” rather than a war because it was initially a form of internal insurgency, and the British government was reluctant to call it a full scale war.

The roots of this conflict can be traced back to the Japanese occupation of Malaya post WW2, during this time many local communist groups including the MCP banded together in a show of resistance to Japanese Rule. After WW2, the British re-established control over Malaya. The communists , now emboldened by their wartime experience, began to push for independence and the establishment of a communist government, particularly in response to the slow pace of independence and dissatisfaction with British rule.

In 1948, the MCP launched an armed rebellion against the British colonial government aiming to overthrow the British and establishing a communist government.

Australia played a significant role in the Malayan emergency, sending troops, airmen, and naval personnel. Australia provided a range of military support, including infantry and special forces, alongside other British Commonwealth nations like New Zealand and the British Indian Army. Australia’s military contribution included assisting in operations against communist forces and participating in the ‘hearts and minds’ strategy trying to win over local populations and prevent them supporting communists.